Hispaniola is a marvel. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. The Significance of Spanish Colonial Missions in our National Story and Spanish and Portuguese Exploration in the Americas Islamic states had dominated. Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. The Spanish also brought the disease smallpox. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. Open Document. Tools Used By Spanish Ships In The 15th Century | ipl.org Spanish Exploration: Summary, Reasons & Effects | StudySmarter Early European Maritime Expeditions | The Geography of Transport Systems The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. The Library of Congress. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . 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Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. flashcard sets. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? They also found a sea route to India. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. What are the effects of Spain exploration? Carrack or Nao - Ages of Exploration - Mariners' Museum and Park Alejandro Duran - Vice President - Reservoir and Consulting - LinkedIn What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. No products in the cart. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. Treaty of Tordesillas - National Geographic Society Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Magellan's Circumnavigation of the Earth | Origins 27 chapters | The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. In 1521, Hernando Corts conquered the Aztecs in Mexico, gaining a territory that was larger than Spain itself. Bachelor of Fine Arts | BFA Degrees | NYFA Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. Chapter 15 Maritime Revolution - AP World History - Google The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Although the period known as the Age of Discovery, when Western Europe's conquistadors or conquerors discovered the true expanse of the globe, began with a Portuguese and Spanish desire to find ways to the Far East and the spice trade, it ended with both nations permanently expanding a myriad of trade networks and colonies on continents previously unknown. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. The process where the Spanish and Portuguese Christians reclaim the Iberian Peninsula is called the Reconquista. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? They also looked west, settling in Brazil. They also found a sea route to India. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. The magnetic compass was a compass that had a magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. There is honey, and there are many kinds of birds, and a great variety of fruits. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History An error occurred trying to load this video. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?the renaissance apartments chicago snoopy happy dance emoji 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 Assessing the Success of Portuguese and Spanish Exploration and What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. 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He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. Payroll Services Expert, Novartis, Prague, Czech Republic 20+ Billion Cash Disbursements, 600k + payments through more than 400 Bank Accounts and countless lives impacted positively with our contributions to fulfill our noble purpose of reimagining medicineThe Payroll Services Expert supports the development of P&O processes, principles, and guidelines for a small client group, as well as . Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700 on JSTOR SE. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. Portugal & the Age of Exploration - World History Encyclopedia 1524. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. While they are filled with distortions and fabrications, probanzas de mritos are still useful in illustrating the expectation of wealth among the explorers as well as their view that native peoples would not pose a serious obstacle to colonization. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. Compare And Contrast The Social And Economic Effects Of | Bartleby Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. Portuguese maritime exploration - Wikipedia explored isthmus of panama.