Named after Cato's Letters, a series of pamphlets published in England in the 1720s which helped lay the philosophical foundation for the American Revolution, Cato's mission is to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets, and peace. To achieve this mission, Cato publishes numerous policy studies, briefs, books, and periodicals, including the peer-reviewed Cato Journal. The Heritage Foundations James Jay Carafano branded the Quincy Institute isolationists [who] would prefer America step off the playing field and wave from the sidelines. Writing in Foreign Policy, James Traub is also dubious: Its hard to avoid the conclusion that the lesser-footprint crowd is rearranging the worlds problems in order to fit their doctrine., The cheerleaders are also predictable. Thanks to a sizable donation by the Ford Foundation, Belfer is now a permanent research center located at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and has expanded to include research in the subjects of science, technology, public policy, the environment, and natural resources. The Atlantic Council can trace its roots back to the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, during which member countries came together to promote public understanding and support for policies with the potential to bring widespread peace. The Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft will launch in September, having received an initial $500,000 (385,000) from Mr Soros and Mr Koch apiece. (Washington, DC) On the research end of things, BCP's main topics of interest include economic policy, healthcare and nutrition, energy, housing, national security, and transportation. As stated in its mission statement, the Guttmacher Institute aims to generate new ideas, encourage enlightened public debate, promote sound policy and program development and, ultimately, inform individual decision making about some of the United States' most divisive topics, including abortion, contraception, HIV/AIDS, and bioethics, and other sexual and reproductive health issues. Home - Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft - Wikipedia Through unique initiatives and its Fellowship Program, the Foundation deals in a variety of research, and often organizes conferences and special events focusing on the most important issues of the time. Upon its founding in 1989, Stimson focused exclusively on arms control. CAP's influence climaxed during the 2008 Presidential election, due in part to its campus outreach group, Generation Progress. (Washington, DC) Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, International Institute for Strategic Studies, Chinese government's persecution of the Uyghur population, "Professor Emeritus Andrew Bacevich Cofounds a Think Tank Promoting Democracy, Funded By Ideological Opposites George Soros and Charles Koch", "Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft", "In an astonishing turn, George Soros and Charles Koch team up to end US 'forever war' policy", "George Soros and Charles Koch to fund new 'anti-war' think tank", "George Soros, Charles Koch foundations help launch pro-peace think tank", "Can a New Think Tank Put a Stop to Endless War? The Independent Institute may be tiny, but in the 29 years since its founding, it has grown into a respected think tank that made UPenn's 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report as the 54th-best think tank in the United States. Ludwig von Mises Institute is a Libertarian academic think tank that specializes in researching and promoting Classical Liberal viewpoints about subjects such as economics, philosophy, and political economy. Despite its early association with NATO, the Atlantic Council is a separate institution. Since then, it has expanded to include programs and research on a much wider variety of topics, including government transparency, electronic voting, identity theft, medical record privacy, commercial mining data, and the use of the Freedom of Information Act to publicize documents. Referencing new think tanks but taking care to avoid the Quincy Institute by name, Carafano scoffed at those who want to wind down generation-long military entanglements in places like Afghanistan. There are two challenges that the Quincy Institute will have to face in attempting to promote ideas that move U.S. foreign policy away from endless war and Daniel DePetris wrote in the Washington Examiner that reducing the Quincy Institutes mission statement to isolationism simply demonstrated the poverty of the critics. The Institute also sponsors several books series in conjunction with other publishers through its various "Claremont Institute Series" imprints, as well as publishing the quarterly Claremont Review of Books---the American right's own cerebral answer to the New York Review of Books. Correction: This article originally said that the Koch brothers are supporting the Quincy Institute. Areas of current research include Arab media and politics, drug policy, homeland security and terrorism, space policy, and projects on the Americas, China, and Mexico, to name but a few. A handful of individual donors have joined to add another $800,000. Neoconservative Bill Kristol is definitely not a fan, tweeting that these ideas would be like reverting back to the interwar period. The ESG attack on energy becomes personal, The Debrief: Conn Carroll on HHS encouraging illegal child labor, WATCH: Steven Spielberg likens rise in antisemitism to 'Germany in the '30s', AOC gloats after construction of Virginia Amazon headquarters delayed as company cuts jobs, Alex Murdaugh trial: Watch the key video that could've sealed guilty murder verdict. These publications include Washington Quarterly, Critical Questions, Freeman Report Newsletter, and New Perspectives in Foreign Policy. Since its founding by pre-presidential Herbert Hoover in 1919, the Institution has been a leader in Domestic Economic Policy, Security, and International Affairs. Originally founded in 1914 as the Church Peace Union, the Council brought together leaders in religion, academia, and politics in an attempt to achieve the lofty goal of making war obsolete. Even in this age of great power competition, Carafano writes, these new isolationists would prefer America step off the playing field and wave from the sidelines.. Though Urban describes itself as Independent, a study by the Quarterly Journal of Economics on media bias ranked the Institute as the eleventh-most-liberal (right between the NAACP and PETA). Featuring thinkers such as Andrew Bacevich and Stephen Wertheim and funded by the unlikely duo of Charles Koch and George Soros, the organization named after John Quincy Adams calls for a restrained, Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft And now we can add a new think tank with some intriguing funding sources to the mix. Since its founding in 1990 as a branch of the Hudson Institute, Discovery has been a target for controversy. Atlantic is headquartered in Washington, DC, though it also consists of 10 centers and programs that focus on specific regions such as Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, among others. Support Consistent with its interest in economic principles, Heritage tracks the yearly growth of federal spending, revenue, debt and deficits, and entitlement programs, which it then publishes as the Budget Chart Book and distributes free to the public. Finally, the Institute maintains the popular blog State of the Planet.. They are carpers content with doing nothing, choosing to sit in the bleachers rather than be the quarterback. In addition to maintaining websites and groups such as privacy.org, the Public Voice coalition, and the Privacy Coalition, EPIC publishes the online EPIC Alert every two weeks. Others are cited by outside organizations less frequently, or perhaps not at all, but publish their own articles and books for a select---and at times even sizable---audience. Though it does deal with nationwide issues, the Institute is perhaps best known for its work concerning California. Founded in 1948, the Kaiser Family Foundation focuses on major healthcare issues in the US and, to a lesser extent, the world. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. The bigger surprise of the two may actually be Soros. But the Republican leadership can only resist the pressure for so long. Acclaimed author Walter Isaacson is Aspen's current President and CEO. Charles Koch and George Soros teamed up on a new foreign (Washington, DC) Unlike nearly all of the other think tanks on this list, Reason's research, analysis, and articles are all aimed at the general public. The Earth Institute was founded in 1995 at Columbia University in New York. Originally established in response to the threat of Nazism, Freedom House has remained consistent in its vigorous opposition to any and all threats to democracy: dictatorships in Central America, apartheid in South Africa, the suppression of the Prague Spring, genocide in Bosnia and Rwanda, and various human rights atrocities worldwide. This might confuse those focused on American politics but is unsurprising to anyone who knows that they share a similar lean on foreign affairs. Interestingly, Acton has successfully built a network of international affiliations in Italy, Brazil, Austria, and Zambia, all of which further promote and defend human rights and the free market. Since the introduction of the Affordable Care Act, the Fund has become a main source of information about the law's reforms, enrollment numbers, the effects of insurance reforms and sustainability of insurance marketplaces, and much more. In recent years, the organization has been the subject of a number of controversies regarding its association with polarizing philanthropist George Soros, and accusations that it is too influenced by the agendas of US foreign policy. (New York, NY) And if you think low-blows are going to work, you are sadly mistaken. One of the problems with the Trump administration from its first year on, however, is that its overall policy competency is so abysmal that it discredits any validity contained in their critique of the Blob. (Washington, DC) Vacillating Wildly From Dispiriting to Exhilarating, The German Activists Who Keep Gluing Themselves to Things Are Up to Something Bigger, A Refreshing Way to Think About Border Wars and Debates. The second challenge is always an unfair one for advocates of restraint, but that does not mean it can be wished out of existence. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/QuincyInst/, Quincy Institute Plans to Issue Four Reports in 2019, In an astonishing turn, Soros and Charles Koch team up to end US forever war policy, https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Quincy_Institute&oldid=822653, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. WebGlassdoor has 2 Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft reviews submitted anonymously by Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft employees. Appropriately, EPIC's publications are practically all online. Photo illustration by Slate. Since its foundation in 1916, Brookings has influenced and contributed to the creation of such historic phenomena as the United Nations, the Marshall Plan, the Congressional Budget Office, and various policies of deregulation, broad-based tax reform, welfare reform, and foreign aid. Lets see if they have something to say. In fact, referring to the program's success, Time magazine said, Not since the Heritage Foundation helped guide Ronald Reagan's transition in 1981 has a single outside group held so much sway. Since then, the Center has remained highly influential with the Obama Administration, especially in the form of appointments. 2023 Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Unfortunately, CAP has undergone a number of recent controversies due to its unwillingness to disclose its contributors. The Quincy Institute is named for President John Quincy Adams, who famously warned Americans against going abroad in search of monsters to destroy. But lets go back to the 1920s and 30s! Each center worldwide houses local experts who produce top-notch work on critical national, regional, and global issues. National Bureau of Economic Research's Paul Krugman ranks on our list of The Top 50 Economists from 1900 to the Present. [The Quincy coalition] is profoundly deficient in its understanding of the wellsprings of American success in the twentieth century. (Seattle, WA) "[13], According to The Nation, the Quincy Institute founders believe that the existing foreign policy elite is out of step with the American public, which is "far more skeptical of military adventurism". Established in 1968 as part of the Smithsonian Institution, the Center named for former President Woodrow Wilson seeks to commemorate the ideals and concerns of [Wilson] by: providing a link between the world of ideas and the world of policy; and fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a full spectrum of individuals. Though officially a Centrist organization, most critics tend to agree that it actually leans toward the Liberal or Progressive side (Wilson was one of the first Progressives, while Democrat John Kerry is a current member). Seven state governors serve on BPC's aptly named Governors' Council, while the Center's list of senior fellows has included former US Senator Olympia Snowe, former Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson, former Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott, and former US Senator Bill Frist, among many others. Originally appeared on The American Conservative.. Stephen Kinzer comments on the creation of a new think tank, The Quincy Institute, committed to promoting a foreign policy of restraint and non-interventionism:. Wertheim sees Trumps North Korean diplomacy as disastrously mismanaged but adds, A lot of establishment types and some Democrats criticize Trumps diplomacy so much that it sounds like they almost dont want diplomacy to take place.. The latter program is especially impressive, and has turned out such notable alumni as former California State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore, political commentator Carol Platt Liebau, cartoonist Michael Ramirez, Delaware politician Christine O'Donnell, and radio talk show host and best-selling author Mark Levin. (Chicago, IL) At last count, the United States had 1,984 think tanks---nearly a third of the world's total. Besides research and the publication of various articles and policy analysis, IAD routinely organizes briefings and large conferences on topics such as Haiti, Cuba, the threat to freedom of the press in Latin America, Latin American trade and investment, and migration. Originally founded in the San Francisco Bay Area, the Institute expanded in 2006 to include a second location in Washington, DC. Not surprisingly, considering its success, an amazing 22 Nobel Prize--winners for economics have been a part of NBER, including Milton Friedman, Paul Krugman, and Joseph Stiglitz. Try these recipes to prepare dishes with confidence. Wertheim describes Trump as more of a militarist than an isolationist, adding, Whatever you make of what Trump is or what he wants, I think its very important to push him in the right direction, not the wrong direction, and also to start rethinking what American foreign policy should be after Trump.. Dear media: How many nuclear bombs does Iran have? Lexington's fellows and researchers are widely cited by the media, especially when it comes to the issue of Cuba. Looking for inspiration? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. https://t.co/eFF3yb7Ty2. Believing that people are best helped by a free marketplace, and not government regulation, the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) promotes Libertarian ideas through analysis, education, advocacy, and coalition-building. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. Deudney and Ikenberry argue that liberal internationalism would offer a more historically effective basis for institution-based restraint, than transactional agreements between states supported by the geopolitical restraint school. Founded in 1999, the New America Foundation is a relatively new, yet widely cited, think tank that was recently named the 25th-best think tank among those to watch. The Foundation seeks to bring new voices and ideas to the public eye by literally investing in exceptional individuals and policy ideas that transcend the political spectrum. Many of these findings are presented in regularly scheduled forums and/or published in the Council's quarterly scholarly journal, Ethics & International Affairs. The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs was established in 1973 with the intent of analyzing arms control and nuclear threat reduction. Then it was the Heritage Foundation's James Carafanos turn. (Washington, DC) They also maintain a popular blog, and publish books and articles relating to both illegal and legal immigration. Any initiative that boasts funding from both George Soros and Charles Kochboogeymen of the right and left, respectivelyis going to garner some attention. (New York, NY) Mercatus has provided more than 100 testimonies to Congress on topics such as government transparency, subsidies, taxation, regulation, corruption, and Austrian economics. The American people deserve a robust foreign policy conversation, but they dont want or need more mindless and thoughtless punches below the belt. Greening U.S. China Relations: A Symposium, The Conversation About Ukraine Is Cracking Apart. thebestschools.org is an advertising-supported site. (Houston, TX) Senator Tom Cotton, describing it as an "isolationist, blame America First money pit for so-called scholars who've written that American foreign policy could be fixed if only it were rid of the malign influence of Jewish money. Quincy institute Founded in 1938, the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) seeks to defend the principles and improve the institutions of American freedom and democratic capitalism through limited government, private enterprise, individual liberty and responsibility, vigilant and effective defense and foreign policies, political accountability, and open debate. In recent years, AEI has become the most prominent think tank associated with Neo-Conservatism, and has succeeded in placing its members in influential government positions---a fact which has made it highly controversial. (Washington, DC) If you want to engage in a rigorous debate about Americas role in the world, it can be done without ad-hominem attacks. The Institute is composed of 18 separate units, all of which conduct their own research and writing. In policy circles, however, CFR is known for its David Rockefeller Studies Program, which often succeeds in influencing foreign policy by making official recommendations to the President and diplomatic community, testifying before Congress, speaking with the media, and publishing on issues of foreign policy. The institutions on this list make up the 50 most influential think tanks in the United States. It was selected for this database because it fits our researchers' inclusion criteria. [17], In January 2020, The Jerusalem Post reported that a number of fellows of the institute, including Lawrence Wilkerson, Stephen Walt, and John Mearsheimer, had been accused of antisemitism for the ways they have criticized the Israel lobby in the United States, AIPAC, and Israel. Charles Koch and George Soros teamed up on a new foreign-policy think tank. They want to contribute to the foreign policy debate. The average number of printed media references per year by outside organizations (according to fair.org and Nexis). MediaBias Ratings The Center is highly controversial, and in recent years has been accused by the Wall Street Journal and the Southern Poverty Law Center of having ties to white supremacist groups and a eugenics foundation. Including names like Fareed Zakaria, Colin Powell, Tom Brokaw, and Madeleine Albright, CFR's impressive membership list has included senior politicians, more than a dozen Secretaries of State, CIA directors, bankers, lawyers, professors, and prominent media figures. Today, RAND is funded by the US government, a private endowment, universities, and major corporations (especially healthcare), and as such has extended its areas of focus to include everything from energy and the environment, to transportation and public safety. Discovery actively promotes a Teach the Controversy campaign, which aims for US public high schools to teach theories of both natural selection and intelligent design in science courses. CBPP's Board of Directors includes such names as former Kennedy press secretary Frank Mankiewicz, Brookings Institute senior fellow Henry J. Aaron, and former Social Security Administration Commissioner Kenneth S. Apfel. And become influential it has! It has been described as realist and advocating for restraint in U.S. foreign policy. With headquarters in New York and offices in 18 major cities around the world (including Washington, DC), Human Rights Watch is a powerful organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. In fact, many of Reagan's policies drew significantly from the Mandate for Leadership, Heritage's official policy study. (New York, NY) Accordingly, in choosing and ranking the think tanks on this list, we employed the following criteria, which look less at the intrinsic merit of a think tank and its intellectual program as at its pragmatic or "cash value" (as the philosopher William James would have put it): (Cambridge, MA) Tool type. Sign up now to get the Washington Examiners breaking news and timely commentary delivered right to your inbox. Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, The Worrisome Erosion of the One China Policy, Winning the Majority: A New U.S. Bargain with the Global South, Ending Counterproductive U.S. Involvement in Yemen. The Public Policy Institute of California was founded in 1994 with a whopping $70 million endowment from Redington Hewlett of Hewlett-Packard fame. A recent Century Foundation report advocating a reduced U.S. presence in Syria does an excellent job of being candid about the costs of restraint: The Quincy Institute needs to be honest about the costs as well as the benefits of military withdrawal. Several of the candidates running for president appear to be working to craft a message that emphasizes support for democracy and human rights abroad but eschews military interventionism. Question about determining validity of resources in Featuring thinkers such as Andrew Calling liberal internationalism what it is: American Affiliated with the Soros Foundation Budapest, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and the Soros Foundation New York, the Open Society Foundation releases information and funds to civil society groups around the world in an effort to advance justice, education, public health, and independent media. (Arlington, VA) Though founded in 1978, the Reason Foundation has only recently become a Libertarian powerhouse. At first, EPIC focused solely on government surveillance and issues having to do with cryptology. The Institute publishes a large number of books, journal articles, and online articles each year, including the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics and the Mises Review. It is also one of the oldest, having been established in 1907 by Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage, the widow of railroad magnate Russell Sage. One way to gauge the influence of a think tank is to focus on the scholars active in it, their record of publications and other scholarly achievements, and how deeply these have affected the culture's climate of opinion. If we rhetorically promote human rights and democracy in ways that lead to war or the kind of starvation sanctions we currently see with Iran, that does not advance human rights.. Charles Koch is the right-wing billionaire owner of Koch Industries. O'Rourke, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $56,700, Average Media References per Year (by Others): 433, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #30 (US), #29 (Social Policy), #60 (Best Transdisciplinary Research), #25 (Think Thank to Watch), #17 (Most Innovative Ideas/Proposals), #53 (Most Visible Impact), Notable Figures: Dana Goldstein, Anand Gopal, Emily Parker, Brigid Schulte, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $33,600, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #54 (US), Notable Figures: John C. Goodman, Robert Higgs, David J. Theroux, Alvaro Vargas Llosa, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $17,700, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #28 (Best New Idea or Paradigm), #40 (Network), #43 (Use of Social Networking), #19 (Think Tank to Watch), #69 (Most Significant Impact), Notable Figures: Ben Domenech, Freeman Dyson, Richard Lindzen, Deirdre McCloskey, Lawrence H. White, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $34,300, Average Media References per Year (by Others): 227, Notable Figures: David Blumenthal, Kathleen Regan, Barry Scholl, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $26,100, Notable Figures: David Berlinski, William Dembski, George Gilder, Phillip E. Johnson, David Klinghoffer, Michael Medved, Stephen C. Meyer, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $5,900, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #52 (US), #14 (Best New Idea of Paradigm), #12 (Think Tank to Watch), Notable Figures: Henry Cisneros, Jason Grumet, Olympia Snowe, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $5,500, Notable Figures: Samuel Gregg, Marvin Olasky, Robert Sirico, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $3,100, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #16 (US), Notable Figures: Jon Huntsman, Frederick Kempe, Damon Wilson, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $16,900, Average Media References per Year (by Others): 265, Notable Figures: Mark Baldassare, Monica Bandy, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $8,300, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #35 (US), #3 (Environmental Policy), Notable Figures: Robert Engelman, Christopher Flavin, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $6,400, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #44 (US), #27 (Best Managed), #19 (University Affiliated), #36 (Best Use of Social Networks), #17 (Think Tank to Watch), Notable Figures: Peter Boettke, Donald Boudreaux, Tyler Cowen, Christopher Coyne, Vernon L. Smith, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $31,400, Average Media References per Year (by Others): 186, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #14 (US), Notable Figures: Shawn Brimley, Jennifer Couture, James Estramonte, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $2,000, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #59 (US), #43 (Environmental Policy), #47 (Best Advocacy Campaign), Notable Figures: Michael Greve, Christopher Horner, Steven Millow, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $5,400, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #19 (Social Policy), Notable Figures: Natasha J. Cabrera, Kathryn Paige Harden, Victor Nee, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $3,000, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #41 (US), Notable Figures: Drew Carey, Nick Gillespie, David Koch, Matt Welch, Average Media References per Year (by Others): 196, Notable Figures: Michelle Bachelet, Carla Hills, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #24 (US), #41 (Defense and National Security Policy), #26 (Best New Idea), Notable Figures: Lincoln P. Bloomfield Jr. (former), Thomas R. Pickering (former), Condoleezza Rice (former), 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #18 (US), #4 (Energy and Resource Policy), Notable Figures: George Abbey, Regina Buono, Edward P. Djerejian, Allen Matusow, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $1,100, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #17 (US), Notable Figures: Barbara Borst, Jeffrey D. McCausland, George Rupp, Monetary Value of Monthly Traffic: $5,200, 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Rankings: #7 (Best New Idea or Paradigm), #55 (Use of Social Networking), #23 (Think Tank to Watch), Notable Figures: John Dingell, Thurgood Marshall, Jr., Kathleen Sebelius, Bill Schneider, Political Orientation: Classical Liberal/Conservative, Average Media References per Year (by Others): 156, Notable Figures: Christopher Flannery, Charles R. Kesler, William Voegeli, Ryan P. Williams, Notable Figures: Constance Baroudos, James Andrew Courter, 2023 TheBestSchools.org, a Red Ventures Company. The popularity of a think tank's official website, ranked against all other websites, as determined by the average number of monthly visitors (specifically, organic search traffic), number of keywords/phrases for which the site ranks, and the monetary value of the traffic as gauged by those keywords. But those of us advocating for more realism are allowed to do the same. 1 The Confirmation Bias The confirmation bias is the tendency to listen more Libertarian-leaning senators like Mike Lee and Rand Paul have worked with liberals on efforts to end the U.S. role in the Saudi-led war in Yemen. Lewis on Science, Scientism, and Society, among others. What a Victory for Ukraine Should Look Like, South Koreas Enduring Restraint Toward China, Robert Kagan and Interventionisms Big Reboot, Tell me how this ends: If recent history is a guide, not with a knockout blow, Lawmakers quietly gave weapons firms bailout for unproven inflation burden.