94.3%. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender. National polls rarely give any religious data below the national level. [100], When Chicago was founded in 1837, most of the early building was around the mouth of the Chicago River, as can be seen on a map of the city's original 58 blocks. Chicago. PDF SURVEY RESULTS APRIL 2017 - University of Chicago The South Side hosts one of the city's largest parades, the annual African American Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic, which travels through Bronzeville to Washington Park. [19] There are approximately 14,000 Ukrainians living within the Chicago city limits. Seattle, San Francisco and Boston are notable not only because they have relatively few Christians, but also for their considerable populations of religious nones (atheists, agnostics and those who say their religion is nothing in particular). [54][55] During its rebuilding period, Chicago constructed the world's first skyscraper in 1885, using steel-skeleton construction.[56][57]. [200], Prominent food companies based in Chicago include the world headquarters of Conagra, Ferrara Candy Company, Kraft Heinz, McDonald's, Mondelez International, Quaker Oats, and US Foods. In addition to Boeing, which located its headquarters in Chicago in 2001, and United Airlines in 2011, GE Transportation moved its offices to the city in 2013 and GE Healthcare moved its HQ to the city in 2016, as did ThyssenKrupp North America, and agriculture giant Archer Daniels Midland. [citation needed], Other live-music genre which are part of the city's cultural heritage include Chicago blues, Chicago soul, jazz, and gospel. These institutions consistently rank among the top "National Universities" in the United States, as determined by U.S. News & World Report. There were 1,152,868 housing units at an average density of 5,075.8 per square mile (1,959.8/km2). [254] Along with Boston, Chicago is the only city to continuously host major professional sports since 1871, having only taken 1872 and 1873 off due to the Great Chicago Fire. Chicago is the only city that has had more than one MLB franchise every year since the AL began in 1901 (New York hosted only one between 1958 and early 1962). 42.07% of Loyola Chicago students come from out of state, and 3.78% come from out of the country. The Chicago Bears, one of the last two remaining charter members of the National Football League (NFL), have won nine NFL Championships, including the 1985 Super BowlXX. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. Today the Chicago metropolitan area is the headquarters of several retailers, including Walgreens, Sears, Ace Hardware, Claire's, ULTA Beauty and Crate & Barrel. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. Many of the city's politicians are descendants of this group, including previous mayor Richard M. Daley. [268] The boulevards and the parks were authorized by the Illinois legislature in 1869. [191] Chicago was the base of commercial operations for industrialists John Crerar, John Whitfield Bunn, Richard Teller Crane, Marshall Field, John Farwell, Julius Rosenwald and many other commercial visionaries who laid the foundation for Midwestern and global industry. Seated Lincoln), Brioschi's Christopher Columbus, Metrovi's The Bowman and The Spearman, Dallin's Signal of Peace, Fairbanks's The Chicago Lincoln, Boyle's The Alarm, Polasek's memorial to Masaryk, memorials along Solidarity Promenade to Kociuszko, Havliek and Copernicus by Chodzinski, Strachovsk, and Thorvaldsen, a memorial to General Logan by Saint-Gaudens, and Kearney's Moose (W-02-03). January and February are the coldest months. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender, ReligionsGeographyTopics & QuestionsUser Guide, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say they, Compare: Polish people have been prevalent from the city's early history, but the largest waves of immigration were in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; they have been influential in the economic and social development of Chicago. In addition, the Chicago Medical School and Loyola University Chicago's Stritch School of Medicine are located in the suburbs of North Chicago and Maywood, respectively. Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021. For every 100 females there were 94.2 males. Chicago has several other contemporary and jazz dance troupes, such as the Hubbard Street Dance Chicago and Chicago Dance Crash. [61] Programs that were developed there became a model for the new field of social work. [20] Chicago has a small community of Swedish Americans. Only the WASPs hated the Irish, and the WASPs all lived on the North Shore. ", "Ken Griffin and J.B. Pritzker's secret meeting: The origin of a political feud", "Chicago's snack bar wars: May the cleanest label win", "Chicago City Council raises minimum wage to $15 by 2021, but restaurant servers still will get lower tipped wage", "Opaa! [343] Six of the seven Class I railroads meet in Chicago, with the exception being the Kansas City Southern Railway. The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. Chicago has a large Irish American population, with many still residing on the South Side. [225] These visitors contributed more than US$13.7 billion to Chicago's economy. [34] Within seven years it grew to more than 6,000 people. [217], The South Side neighborhood of Hyde Park is the home of former US President Barack Obama. 81.8%. [256] They have won three World Series titles, including the 2016 World Series, but had the dubious honor of having the two longest droughts in American professional sports: They had not won their sport's title since 1908, and had not participated in a World Series since 1945, both records, until they beat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. [361] In some cases, these exchanges have led to further informal collaborations, such as the academic relationship between the Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and the Institute of Gerontology of Ukraine (originally of the Soviet Union), that was originally established as part of the Chicago-Kyiv sister cities program.[363]. Chicago is also the location of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Lyric Opera of Chicago. Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021. [citation needed] Lured by a combination of large business customers, federal research dollars, and a large hiring pool fed by the area's universities, Chicago is also the site of a growing number of web startup companies like CareerBuilder, Orbitz, Basecamp, Groupon, Feedburner, Grubhub and NowSecure. Among these are Chagall's Four Seasons; the Chicago Picasso; Miro's Chicago; Calder's Flamingo; Oldenburg's Batcolumn; Moore's Large Interior Form, 1953-54, Man Enters the Cosmos and Nuclear Energy; Dubuffet's Monument with Standing Beast, Abakanowicz's Agora; and, Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate which has become an icon of the city. The fiscal crisis was resolved by 1933, and at the same time, federal relief funding began to flow into Chicago. [133][134][135] Summers are hot and humid, with frequent heat waves. [3], In 2000, 21.7% of the population was foreign born; of this, 56.3% came from Latin America, 23.1% from Europe, 18.0% from Asia and 2.6% from other parts of the world. [321] Each of the big four U.S. television networks, CBS, ABC, NBC and Fox, directly owns and operates a high-definition television station in Chicago (WBBM 2, WLS 7, WMAQ 5 and WFLD 32, respectively). [80], During World War II, the city of Chicago alone produced more steel than the United Kingdom every year from 1939 1945, and more than Nazi Germany from 1943 1945. [210], Chicago's minimum wage for non-tipped employees is one of the highest in the nation and reached $15 in 2021. [24] The city is the seat of the Evangelical Covenant Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. There is a substantial Romani community in Chicago. [14] The Southwest Side is home to the largest concentration of Gorals (Carpathian highlanders) outside Europe. The University of Illinois College of Medicine at UIC is the second largest medical school in the United States (2,600 students including those at campuses in Peoria, Rockford and UrbanaChampaign).[360]. This local church is pastored by Cardinal Blase J. Cupich, assisted by six Episcopal Vicars, each responsible for a vicariate (region). These schools offer a rigorous curriculum with mainly honors and Advanced Placement (AP) courses. Ford Motor Company has an automobile assembly plant on the South Side in Hegewisch, and most of the facilities of the Port of Chicago are also on the South Side. Because of this, ComEd reports indicate that Chicago receives about 75% of its electricity from nuclear power. 85.4%. Dominicans There is a small community of Dominicans in Chicago. Many themes are transgressive and derived from the works of authors such as William S. Burroughs. [90] Washington was succeeded by 6th ward Alderman Eugene Sawyer, who was elected by the Chicago City Council and served until a special election. Chicago Taste of Greece flies this weekend", "How Chicago's Pride Parade Grew from a Small March to a Big Event", "Instagreeter Program Launches in Boystown", "About the Lithuanian Opera Company, Inc. in Chicago", "Lollapalooza | History & Facts | Britannica", "Chicago Music City: A Summary Report on the Music Industry in Chicago", "Best Free Thanksgiving Events In Chicago", "13 Things You Didn't Know About Navy Pier's New Ferris Wheel", "Skydeck Chicago at Willis Tower | Willis Tower Glass Ledge", "Top Ten Cities in the United States: Readers' Choice Awards", "Chicago's Deep Dish History: It All Started With Uno's", "Chicago: Landmarks, Pizza, Politics, and Jazz", "City of the big sandwiches: Four uncommon Chicago meals on a bun", "Omnivorous: On the Trail of the Delta Tamale", "Weekend festival celebrates food trucks in Chicago", "Robb Report Editors Name Chicago As Country's Finest Dining Destination", "The Moneyed Muse: What can two hundred million dollars do for poetry? [citation needed], The Chicago Marathon has been held each year since 1977 except for 1987, when a half marathon was run in its place. The city responded by tunneling two miles (3.2km) out into Lake Michigan to newly built water cribs. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. [24] Henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the eponymous wild "garlic" grew profusely in the area. [32][33] Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in the State of Illinois in 2013, over 10,000 same-sex couples have wed in Cook County alone.[34]. (formerly ImprovOlympic). [338], In May 2019, The City of Chicago announced its Chicago's Electric Shared Scooter Pilot Program, scheduled to run from June 15 to October 15. [citation needed], Chicago contains a number of large, outdoor works by well-known artists. QuickFacts provides statistics for all states and counties, and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more. [63], The city established many large, well-landscaped municipal parks, which also included public sanitation facilities. In northern Illinois, ComEd (a division of Exelon) operates the greatest number of nuclear generating plants in any US state. [10] Chicago also hosts the headquarters of the largest Lutheran body in the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. A 2017 study by Walk Score ranked Chicago the sixth-most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States. Chicago's flourishing economy attracted huge numbers of new immigrants from Europe and migrants from the Eastern United States. [11][citation needed]. [247] Nonetheless, Chicagoans worked hard to create a literary tradition that would stand the test of time,[248] and create a "city of feeling" out of concrete, steel, vast lake, and open prairie. At least three short periods in the history of Chicago have had a lasting influence on American literature. [1] Within fifty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population had tripled to over 3 million. From 1995 to 2008, the city had a blue bag program to divert recyclable refuse from landfills. It is home to a population of around 5.54 million individuals. [47][48][49], In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed an area about 4 miles (6.4km) long and 1-mile (1.6km) wide, a large section of the city at the time. But some of the nations biggest metropolitan areas have a very different look. political party by metro area. The park is home to a constantly rotating schedule of free cultural events for all ages, all year long. [215], Downtown is the center of Chicago's financial, cultural, governmental and commercial institutions and the site of Grant Park and many of the city's skyscrapers. [142] Midway Airport reached 109F (43C) one day prior and recorded a heat index of 125F (52C) during the 1995 heatwave. The Asian represented 5.5% of the population and the Native American population was 0.5% of the population. [209] Chicago also ranks third in the U.S. (behind Las Vegas and Orlando) in number of conventions hosted annually. Religions Explore religious groups in the U.S. by tradition, family and denomination Christian 70.6% Evangelical Protestant 25.4% Mainline Protestant 14.7% Historically Black Protestant 6.5% Catholic 20.8% Mormon 1.6% Orthodox Christian 0.5% Jehovah's Witness 0.8% Other Christian 0.4% Non-Christian Faiths 5.9% Jewish 1.9% Muslim 0.9% Buddhist 0.7% Religion Census, email cliff.grammich@usreligioncensus.org. [311], Chicago high school rankings are determined by the average test scores on state achievement tests. [50][51][52] Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact,[53] and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone. number of members in ethno-racial group. From 1928 to 1933, the city witnessed a tax revolt, and the city was unable to meet payroll or provide relief efforts. [269] A number of Chicago neighborhoods emerged along these roadways in the 19th century. The Sox are fifth in the American League in all-time wins, and sixth in pennants. [95] Lori Lightfoot, the city's first African American woman mayor and its first openly LGBTQ Mayor, was elected to succeed Emanuel as mayor in 2019. The South Side contains most of the facilities of the Port of Chicago. In Millennium Park, the reflective Cloud Gate public sculpture by artist Anish Kapoor is the centerpiece of the AT&T Plaza in Millennium Park. Du Sable was of African descent, perhaps born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti), and established the settlement in the 1780s. Many of the city's financial institutions, such as the CBOT and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block area of city streets that is encircled by elevated rail tracks. They were following Serbian and Hungarian immigrants who found work in the steel mills and factories of the city. Parks district - https://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/. The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, Dion O'Banion, Bugs Moran and Tony Accardo battle law enforcement and each other on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era. In 1983, Harold Washington became the first black mayor of Chicago. It includes nineteen boulevards, eight parks, and six squares, along twenty-six miles of interconnected streets. Ethnic groups in Chicago - Wikipedia [106] The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook and DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties. ), Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad. Learn More: party affiliation, Republican/lean Rep., No lean, Democrat/lean Dem. [77], The Great Depression brought unprecedented suffering to Chicago, in no small part due to the city's heavy reliance on heavy industry. [158], Chicago's population declined in the latter half of the 20th century, from over 3.6million in 1950 down to under 2.7million by 2010. And Atlanta, the birthplace of Martin Luther King Jr. is home to an especially large share of members of the historically black Protestant tradition (18%). Polish language productions for Chicago's large Polish speaking population can be seen at the historic Gateway Theatre in Jefferson Park. Additionally, Chicago is one of the eight cities in the United States to have won championships in the four major professional leagues and, along with Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia and Washington, is one of five cities to have won soccer championships as well. [199], Manufacturing, printing, publishing, and food processing also play major roles in the city's economy. Chicago is also home to a number of national radio shows, including Beyond the Beltway with Bruce DuMont on Sunday evenings. The Exposition drew 27.5million visitors, and is considered the most influential world's fair in history. [81], On December 2, 1942, physicist Enrico Fermi conducted the world's first controlled nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. [citation needed], The government of the City of Chicago is divided into executive and legislative branches. Although their numbers dropped because of reduced emigration from Germany and because World War I had made it unpopular to acknowledge one's German heritage, 22 percent of Chicago's population still did so in 1920. By 1930 450 families of Volga German heritage were living in the Jefferson Park area, most of whom originated from Wiesenseite. [44] These issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage. [229], The Willis Tower (formerly named Sears Tower) is a popular destination for tourists. frequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by metro area, Learn More: frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing, At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who feel a sense of wonder about the universe, Compare: In 1956, the city conducted its last major expansion when it annexed the land under O'Hare airport, including a small portion of DuPage County. There are 31 sand beaches, a plethora of museums, two world-class conservatories, and 50 nature areas. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts, issued by the Chicago Board of Trade, which today is part of the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world, generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone. A Chicago-area 'Jerusalem' According to a 2020 study of the metropolitan Chicago area by researchers at Brandeis University and the University of Chicago, Highland Park is 50% Jewish: about. Chicago is a major world convention destination. [238][239][240], A distinctly Chicago sandwich, the Italian beef sandwich is thinly sliced beef simmered in au jus and served on an Italian roll with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, a new wave of immigrants from the mainland came in the 1950s. Several medical products and services companies are headquartered in the Chicago area, including Baxter International, Boeing, Abbott Laboratories, and the Healthcare division of General Electric. 2002. [177] Chicago also has a sizable non-Christian population. From 1850, when Germans constituted one-sixth of Chicago's population, until the turn of the 20th century, people of German descent constituted the largest ethnic group in the city, followed by Irish, Poles, and Swedes. ", Appendix C: Regional Freight Transportation Profiles, "Preliminary Traffic Results for 2005 Show Firm Rebound (March 14, 2006)", "Top IDOT official says third airport will be built", "What really happens to Chicago's blue cart recycling? The city lies within USDA plant hardiness zone 6a, transitioning to 5b in the suburbs. [233], Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties that reflect the city's ethnic and working-class roots. [235] Certain Chicago pizza favorites include Lou Malnati's and Giordano's. Religion Census is your source for religious data at the county level. The new DW60 is the first in the United States and is the sixth tallest in the U.S.[228] Chicago was the first city in the world to ever erect a ferris wheel. Chicagoans have over 580 parks and 8,300 acres of green spaces at their disposal. At the Call of Duty League's Launch Week games in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the Chicago Huntsmen went on to beat both the Dallas Empire and Optic Gaming Los Angeles. [340] Each company was allowed to bring 250 electric scooters, although both Bird and Lime claimed that they experienced a higher demand for their scooters. How Chicago Gobbled Its Neighbors", "Chicago Architecture Foundation River Cruise Aboard Chicago's First Lady Cruises", "The Public Art Scene You're Missing in Chicago", "Columnist Irv Kupcinet remembered with statue dedication", "Climate of Chicago Illinois State Climatologist", "Chicago, Illinois Kppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", Extreme cold in Midwest will finally begin to ease grasp, At 23 below, Wednesday marked Chicago's 4th coldest temperature recorded, University of Iowa student dies during polar vortex; 7 other deaths linked to wintry blast, "Top 20 Weather Events of the Century for Chicago and Northeast Illinois 19001999", "A Study of Chicago's Significant Tornadoes", "Ask Tom: Does Chicago Get Lake-Effect Snow? Only about half of the residents in the Seattle (52%) and San Francisco (48%) metropolitan areas identify as Christians, as well as roughly six-in-ten or fewer of those living in Boston (57%) and New York (59%). Population Estimates, July 1 2021, (V2021) . For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males. [11] Greyhound Lines provides inter-city bus service to and from the city, and Chicago is also the hub for the Midwest network of Megabus (North America). [222] A 2007 report on the Chicago music industry by the University of Chicago Cultural Policy Center ranked Chicago third among metropolitan U.S. areas in "size of music industry" and fourth among all U.S. cities in "number of concerts and performances". It includes Rush University Medical Center, ranked as the second best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 201416, the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Hospital, and John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, one of the busiest trauma centers in the nation.[357]. It reversed the flow of the Chicago River so that the water flowed away from Lake Michigan rather than into it. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as "Checagou" was by Robert deLaSalle around 1679 in a memoir. Tourists are able to look straight down. In 2016, the population of Hispanics exceeded that of Blacks to become Chicago's largest minority group with non-Hispanic Whites representing 32.6% of the population, Hispanics at 29.7% of the population, and Blacks at 29.3% of the population. [169][170] Since the 2013 legalization of same-sex marriage in Illinois, over 10,000 same-sex couples have wed in Cook County, a majority of them in Chicago. [264], Chicago has also entered into esports with the creation of the Chicago Huntsmen, a professional Call of Duty team that participates within the CDL. Dew point temperatures in the summer range from an average of 55.7F (13.2C) in June to 61.7F (16.5C) in July. [78] Chicago was also a hotbed of labor activism, with Unemployed Councils contributing heavily in the early depression to create solidarity for the poor and demand relief, these organizations were created by socialist and communist groups. What Is The Religious Composition Of The Adult Population - WorldAtlas ", "Chicago Growth 18501990: Maps by Dennis McClendon", "B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE - Chicago, Illinois - 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates", "Shaping Illinois: The Effects of Immigration, 1970-2020", Chicago Sun Times: "Census: Hispanics surpass blacks as Chicagos 2nd-largest racial group" by Mitchell Armentrout, "Why the Irish are More Powerful Than Ever in Chicago", "Contact Us - Evangelical Lutheran Church in America", "America the diverse Chicagos Polish neighborhoods" (5/15/2005), "MONOGRAFIJA 100 GODINA BONJAKA U AMERICI NAJLJEPA HEDIJA", Chicago Stories Swedes in Chicago (2006), Cities Guide Chicago A hard-knock life (2006), "Chicago is the second-biggest Lithuanian city", "Evangelical Covenant Church (ECC) The Evangelical Covenant Church", Alternative Guide to Chicago, Humboldt Park, http://www.hanania.com/profiles/LittleArabia.htm, "San Francisco Metro Area Ranks Highest in LGBT Percentage", "The Metro Areas With the Largest, and Smallest, Gay Populations", "Same-sex marriage licenses could hit 10,000 in Cook County this summer", Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles, Chicago Historical Society: Global Communities in Chicago Project, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Chicago&oldid=1141225060, Demographics by city in the United States, Articles with dead external links from December 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 00:26. In 1803, the U.S. Army constructed Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed during the War of 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn by the Potawatomi before being later rebuilt. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United Statesabout $670.5billion according to September 2017 estimates. Religion Census. The Irish laid the foundations for many of the city's Roman Catholic churches, schools and hospitals. While measurements vary somewhat,[102] the lowest points are along the lake shore at 578ft (176.2m), while the highest point, at 672ft (205m), is the morainal ridge of Blue Island in the city's far south side.[103]. [187] In 2007, Chicago was named the fourth-most important business center in the world in the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index. It reports the number of congregations in every U.S. county and equivalents for participating faith groups. He defeated Douglas in the general election, and this set the stage for the American Civil War. [86], Two years later, the city hosted the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention, which featured physical confrontations both inside and outside the convention hall, with anti-war protesters, journalists and bystanders being beaten by police. [292][293] In 2009, the murder count fell to 458 (10% down). It is an important component in global distribution, as it is the third-largest inter-modal port in the world after Hong Kong and Singapore. [250] These include from the time of the Great Chicago Fire to about 1900, what became known as the Chicago Literary Renaissance in the 1910s and early 1920s, and the period of the Great Depression through the 1940s. In the next few years Irish numbers grew rapidly, particularly after the arrival of refugees from the Great Famine. [citation needed], The West Side holds the Garfield Park Conservatory, one of the largest collections of tropical plants in any U.S. city. Chicago is also featured in a few video games, including Watch Dogs and Midtown Madness, a real-life, car-driving simulation game. [326][327], Chicago has also been the setting of a number of television shows, including the situation comedies Perfect Strangers and its spinoff Family Matters, Married with Children, Punky Brewster, Kenan & Kel, Still Standing, The League, The Bob Newhart Show, and Shake It Up. Late in the 19th century, Chicago was part of the bicycle craze, with the Western Wheel Company, which introduced stamping to the production process and significantly reduced costs,[207] while early in the 20th century, the city was part of the automobile revolution, hosting the Brass Era car builder Bugmobile, which was founded there in 1907. The Illinois Constitution prohibits governments from doing anything that could cause retirement benefits for government workers to be "diminished or impaired." As much as Chicagoans like to play sports, we also love to watch the pros do it. Chicago is a city music of festivals, celebrating every music genre. [59][60], Labor conflicts followed the industrial boom and the rapid expansion of the labor pool, including the Haymarket affair on May 4, 1886, and in 1894 the Pullman Strike. The per capita income for the city was $20,175. 236 faith groups were included in the 2010 edition. Nearly one-in-ten New Yorkers (8%) are Jewish, 3% are Muslim and another 3% are Hindu. [14] It is home to several Fortune 500 companies, including Archer-Daniels-Midland, Conagra Brands, Exelon, JLL, Kraft Heinz, McDonald's, Mondelez International, Motorola Solutions, Sears, and United Airlines Holdings.[18].